Decoding urban inclusivity
A Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62161/sauc.v12.6169Keywords:
Urban Inclusivity, Right to the City, City Branding, Diversity-Washing, Generative Artificial Intelligence, Spatial Justice, Citizen Participation, DiversityAbstract
Cities Cities are branded as inclusive, but does this label reflect a genuine commitment to social justice or is it merely a city branding strategy? This scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) deconstructs the concept of the “inclusive city” through a triple dimension: theoretical-conceptual, practical (market), and technological (Generative Artificial Intelligence). Our findings reveal a fundamental discrepancy: the theoretical model of the inclusive city is incompatible with the logic of city branding and the algorithmic representation of the inclusive city. Urban marketing creates a hierarchy of marketable diversities, leading to diversity-washing. Simultaneously, Generative AI amplifies this vision, producing an aseptic and depoliticised iconography of inclusion with homogeneous spaces, artificial diversity, and a complete absence of conflict, community, and authenticity. We conclude that "algorithmic inclusivity" prioritises a market-driven vision, commodifying diversity and perpetuating a segregationist view under a facade of inclusion, which demands urgent critique and regulation.
Downloads
Global Statistics ℹ️
|
0
Views
|
0
Downloads
|
|
0
Total
|
|
References
Adamus-Matuszyńska, A., Michnik, J., & Polok, G. (2019). A Systemic Approach to City Image Building. The Case of Katowice City. Sustainability, 11(16), 4470. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164470
Albaladejo, G. P., & Medero, G. S. (2021). Evaluating Inclusive Transparency in Spanish Local Government. Lex Localis: Journal of Local Self-Government, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.4335/19.3.839-871(2021)
Almeida-Santana, A., & Moreno-Gil, S. (2019). Perceived Sustainable Destination Image: Implications for Marketing Strategies in Europe. Sustainability, 11(22), 6466. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226466
Anthopoulos, L., Janssen, M., & Weerakkody, V. (2023). Introduction to the special issue on citizen centricity in smart cities. Digital Government: Research and Practice, 4(3), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1145/3624556
Ataol, Ö., Krishnamurthy, S., Druta, O., & van Wesemael, P. (2022). The inability of Turkey and Istanbul in institutionalisation of children's participation in urban planning: A policy analysis study. Children & Society, 36(5), 1064-1085. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12557
Baena, V., & Cerviño, J. (2024). Tourism in the Era of Social Responsibility and Sustainability: Understanding International Tourists’ Destination Choices. Sustainability, 16(19), 8509. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198509
Bertoni, A., Dubini, P., & Monti, A. (2021). Bringing Back in the Spatial Dimension in the Assessment of Cultural and Creative Industries and Its Relationship with a City’s Sustainability: The Case of Milan. Sustainability, 13(19), 10878. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910878
Bobanovic, M. & Grzinic, J., (2019). Teaching Tourism Students With Cultural Intelligence. UTMS Journal of Economics, University of Tourism and Management, Skopje, Macedonia, 10(1), 85-95.
Bustamante, A., Sebastia, L., & Onaindia, E. (2019). Can Tourist Attractions Boost Other Activities Around? A Data Analysis through Social Networks. Sensors, 19(11), 2612. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112612
Calzada, I., Pérez-Batlle, M., & Batlle-Montserrat, J. (2023). People-centered smart cities: An exploratory action research on the cities’ coalition for digital rights. Journal of Urban Affairs, 45(9), 1537-1562. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2021.1994861
Cárdenas-García, P. J., Pulido-Fernández, J. I., & Fernández, A. B. M. (2015). Direct economic impact of tourism on World Heritage Cities: An approach to measurement in emerging destinations. Czech Journal of Tourism, 3(2), 91-106. https://doi.org/10.1515/cjot-2014-0005
Carrera, L. (2022). Designing inclusive urban places. Italian Sociological Review, 12(1), 141-141. https://doi.org/10.13136/isr.v12i1.522
Carrera, L. (2023). Active aging and urban policies: the space as an instrument for an inclusive and sustainable city. Frontiers in Sociology, 8, 1257926. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2023.1257926
Carrera, L., & Castellaneta, M. (2023). Women and cities. The conquest of urban space. Frontiers in Sociology, 8, 1125439. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2023.1125439
Casarin, G., MacLeavy, J. y Manley, D. (2023). Repensando el utopismo urbano: La falacia de la mezcla social en la ciudad de 15 minutos. Estudios Urbanos, 60 (16), 3167-3186. https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231169174
Černevičiūtė, J., & Strazdas, R. (2023). Creative Industries as Part of a Sustainable Urban Development Strategy: Vilnius City Case. Sustainability, 15(14), 10778. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151410778
Chen, X., Li, G., Mehmood, M.S., Qifan, N. & Yu, J. (2023). Integration and differentiation: comparison of photography behaviors using unmanned aerial vehicle data in China and Europe. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 10, 683. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02181-0
Cismaru, L., & Ispas, A. (2015). Improving The Profile of The European Tourist Destinations Through The European Tourism Indicators System. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, Series V: Economic Sciences, 8(57), 1.
Comisión Europea. (2020). Acuerdo por una Ciudad Verde: Ciudades limpias y saludables para Europa (KH-01-20-626-ES-N). Oficina de Publicaciones de la Unión Europea. https://environment.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-02/22_Spanish_CA-leaflet_web.pdf
Cortina, A. (2017). Aporofobia, el rechazo al pobre: Un desafío para la democracia. Paidós.
Daldanise, G. (2020). From Place-Branding to Community-Branding: A Collaborative Decision-Making Process for Cultural Heritage Enhancement. Sustainability, 12(24), 10399. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410399
Dashdamirli, R., & Abdullayev, V. (2025). Artificial intelligence-based smart city ecosystem development. Land and Architecture, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.56294/la2025180
Demirkale O, Duran NI (2025). Quantile granger causality between clean energy and tourism stock indices: Evidence from regional markets. PLoS One 20(6), e0326256. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326256
Dulce, C. I., & Muntele, I. (2021). Student Mobility--Attractiveness and Premise of Improving the City Image. Case Study: Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi. Journal of Settlements & Spatial Planning, 7, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.24193/JSSPSI.2021.7.06
Duplan, K. (2023). What would an inclusive city for gender and sexual minorities be like? You need to ask queer folx!. Social Inclusion, 11(3), 138-149. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v11i3.6937
Dustdar, S., Nastić, S., & Šćekić, O. (2017). Smart cities. The Internet of Things, People and Systems.
Escario-Sierra, F., Álvarez-Alonso, C., Moseñe-Fierro, J. A., & Sanagustín-Fons, V. (2022). Sustainable Tourism, Social and Institutional Innovation—The Paradox of Dark Sky in Astrotourism. Sustainability, 14(11), 6419. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116419
Escobar, S. E. F. (2025). Retos en el diseño e implementación de ciudades inteligentes sostenibles, accesibles e inclusivas. Revista Catalana de Dret Públic, 70, 113-132. https://doi.org/10.58992/rcdp.i70.2025.4113
Escourido-Calvo, M., Prado-Domínguez, A. J., Alejandro-Martínez, V., & Martín-Bermúdez, F. (2023). Repositioning the City Brand in the Face of the Energy and Ecological Transition Paradigm. Sustainability, 15(14), 10922. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151410922
European Comission (2016). Urban Agenda for the EU. Pact of Amsterdam. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/policy/themes/urban-development/agenda/pact-of-amsterdam.pdf
Ferreiro Calzada, M. E. & Mendoza de Miguel, S. (2022). Turismo, proyectos urbanos y marketing de ciudad: el centro histórico de Madrid. [Universidad de Guadalajara] https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/121536
Folgado Fernández, J.A. (2023). Responsabilidad Social Corporativa y resultados económicos en el sector turístico. Un estudio en Cáceres (España). UCJC Business and Society Review, 20(78). https://doi.org/10.3232/UBR.2023.V20.N3.02
Folgado-Fernández, J. A., Di-Clemente, E., & Hernández-Mogollón, J. M. (2019). Food Festivals and the Development of Sustainable Destinations. The Case of the Cheese Fair in Trujillo (Spain). Sustainability, 11(10), 2922. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102922
Franco Escobar, S. E. (2025). Reptes en el disseny i la implementació de ciutats intel·ligents sostenibles, accessibles i inclusives. Revista Catalana De Dret Públic, (70), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.58992/rcdp.i70.2025.4113
Galiano-Coronil, A., Blanco-Moreno, S., Tobar-Pesantez, L. B., & Gutiérrez-Montoya, G. A. (2023). Social media impact of tourism managers: a decision tree approach in happiness, social marketing and sustainability. Journal of Management Development, 42(6), 436-457. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-04-2023-0131
García-Almeida, D. J., & Hormiga Pérez, E. (2017). Immigration and the competitiveness of an island tourism destination: a knowledge-based reputation analysis of Lanzarote, Canary Islands. Island Studies Journal, 12(1), 207-222.https://doi.org/10.3390/10.24043/isj.13
Ginesta, X., Cristòfol, F., de San Eugenio, J., & Martínez-Navarro, J. (2024). The Role of Future Generations in Place Branding: The Case of Huelva City. Politics and Governance, 12, e 7730. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7730
Glonți, M., & Popa, N. (2025). Emotional Experiences Through the Eyes of Culture and Creativity, a New Paradigm for Urban Tourism? Sustainability, 17(7), 2794. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17072794
Han, H., Lee, S., Meng, B., Chua, B.-L., & Ryu, H. B. (2020). The Relative Importance of Volunteer Tourism (Sustainable/Pro-Social Form of Tourism) Motivation Factors for Young Tourists: A Descriptive Analysis by Continents, Gender, and Frequency. Sustainability, 12(10), 4002. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104002
Herget, J., Petrů, Z., & Abrhám, J. (2015). City branding and its economic impacts on tourism. Economics & Sociology, 8(1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2015/8-1/9
Houtzager, D., & De Vos, E. L. (2025). Accessibility of Dutch Public Space: Regulations and Local Actions by Pedestrians with Disabilities. Laws, 14(4), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws14040051
Huertas, A., & Gonzalo, J. (2020). The role of augmented reality in destination branding. Tourism and hospitality management, 26(2), 419-436.https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.26.2.8
Huseynli, N., & Huseynli, B. (2023). PANEL ANALYSIS ON THE TOURISM SECTOR OF SELECTED MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 51, 1757-1764. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.514spl16-1171
Intelligence Unit (2025) The Global Liveability Index 2025. https://www.eiu.com/n/global-themes/liveability-index/#:~:text=EIU's%20Liveability%20Index%202025%20assesses,geopolitical%20conflict%20and%20civil%20unrest.
Iodice, G., & Bifulco, F. (2025). Sustainability in Purpose-Driven Businesses Operating in Cultural and Creative Industries: Insights from Consumers’ Perspectives on Società Benefit. Sustainability, 17(15), 7117. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157117
Jokela, S. (2020). Transformative city branding and the evolution of the entrepreneurial city: The case of «Brand New Helsinki». Urban Studies, 57(10), 2031–2046. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019867073
Kaplan, D. (2024). Challenging Child-Friendly Urban Design: Towards Inclusive Multigenerational Spaces. Urban Planning, 9. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.8495
Kavaratzis, M., & Ashworth, G. J. (2008). Place marketing: How did we get here and where are we going? Journal of Place Management and Development, 1(2), 150–165. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538330810889989
Kerman, R. J., & Ratti, S. (2021). What Would an Inclusive City for Gender and Sexual Minorities Be Like? You Need to Ask Queer Folx! International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), Artículo 8285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181682854
Küster, I., & Vila, N. (2024). A netnographic study to understand the determinants of experiential tourism destinations. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 11, 862. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03156-5
Liang, F., Pan, Y., Gu, M., Guan, W., & Tsai, F. (2021). Cultural Tourism Resource Perceptions: Analyses Based on Tourists’ Online Travel Notes. Sustainability, 13(2), 519. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020519
López-Montero, R., y Sianes, A. (2025). Resistiendo el racismo y la marginación: La agencia de las mujeres migrantes en la transformación urbana del barrio Los Pajaritos. Land, 14 (5), 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14050950
Manfredi-Sánchez, J. L. (2020). Sanctuary Cities: What Global Migration Means for Local Governments. Social Sciences, 9(8), 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9080146
Manley, S. (2022). Gendered space: associations between urban environments and gender social categories. Journal of Urban Design, 27(4), 458-477. https://doi.org/10.1080/17458927.2022.2037754
Marin-Pantelescu, A., Tăchiciu, L., Oncioiu, I., & Ștefan-Hint, M. (2022). Erasmus Students’ Experiences as Cultural Visitors: Lessons in Destination Management. Sustainability, 14(5), 2553. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052553
Matwiejczyk, A. (2023). Place Branding Approach within Functional Urban Areas—Evidence from Poland. Sustainability, 15(15), 11872. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511872
Mercadé Melé, P., Molina Gómez, J., & Sousa, M. J. (2020). Influence of Sustainability Practices and Green Image on the Re-Visit Intention of Small and Medium-Size Towns. Sustainability, 12(3), 930. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12030930
Michail, N., Ozbil Torun, A., & Parnell, R. (2025). Towards child-friendly and walkable cities: Children’s insights on neighbourhood design. Cities & Health, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2025.2494880
Monroy-Rodríguez, S., & Caro-Carretero, R. (2023). Congress tourism: Characteristics and application to sustainable tourism to facilitate collective action towards achieving the SDGs. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2286663
Moreno, S. G., Padilla, J. A., Ispas, A., & Seitan, O. (2008). Understanding the decision of the tourist when choosing an accommodation: The Impact of the image. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Economic Sciences. Series V, 1, 217.
Morentin‐Encina, J., Noguera Pigem, E., & Barba Núñez, M. (2022). Inclusion as a Value in Participation: Children's Councils in Spain. Social Inclusion, 10(2), 54-65. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i1.4924
Nicola, S., & Schmitz, S. (2024). From Mining to Tourism: Assessing the Destination’s Image, as Revealed by Travel-Oriented Social Networks. Tourism and Hospitality, 5(2), 395-415. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp5020025
Noori, N., Hoppe, T., van der Werf, I., & Janssen, M. (2025). A framework to analyze inclusion in smart energy city development: The case of Smart City Amsterdam. Cities, 158, 105710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.105710
Ordóñez-Martínez, D., Seguí-Pons, J. M., & Ruiz-Pérez, M. (2024). Conceptual Framework and Prospective Analysis of EU Tourism Data Spaces. Sustainability, 16(1), 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010371
Organización de las Naciones Unidas – Habitat (2016 World cities report 2016: Urbanization and development. https://unhabitat.org/world-cities-report-2016
Pérez Guilarte, Y., & Barreiro Quintáns, D. (2019). Using Big Data to Measure Tourist Sustainability: Myth or Reality? Sustainability, 11(20), 5641. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205641
Pérez-Campdesuñer, R., Sánchez-Rodríguez, A., García-Vidal, G., Martínez-Vivar, R., Valdés-Alarcón, M. E., & De Miguel-Guzmán, M. (2025). Demographic Capital and the Conditional Validity of SERVPERF: Rethinking Tourist Satisfaction Models in an Emerging Market Destination. Administrative Sciences, 15(7), 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070272
Plataforma global por el derecho a la ciudad GPR2C (2019). Agenda del derecho a la ciudad: Para la implementación de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible y la Nueva Agenda Urbana. https://www.right2city.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/A6.1_Agenda-del-derecho-a-la-ciudad.pdf
Popescu, G.-V. (2017). Innovation perspectives in local administration at the beginning of the «Age of Cities». Management dynamics in the knowledge economy 5(2), 175-201. https://doi.org/10.25019/MDKE/5.2.02
Popescu, R. I., & Corboş, R. A. (2009). The role of urban brand measuring tools in grounding the strategic actions for promoting cities. J. Adm. Public Manag, 13, 116-132.
Precedo Ledo, A., Orosa González, J. J., & Míguez Iglesias, A. (2010). De la planificación estratégica al marketing urbano: hacia la ciudad inmaterial. EURE (Santiago), 36(108), 5-27.
Ramón-Cardona, J., & Sánchez-Fernández, M. D. (2022). Tangible and Intangible Heritage of Ibiza (Spain) and Its Potential to Be Valued as a Tourist Offer. Heritage, 5(3), 1350-1369. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5030070
Riedmann-Streitz, C., Streitz, N., Antona, M., Marcus, A., Margetis, G., Ntoa, S., Patrick Rau, P.-L., & Rosenzweig, E. (2025). How to create and foster sustainable smart cities? Insights on ethics, trust, privacy, transparency, incentives, and success. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 41(4), 2491-2522. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2024.2325175
Robin J. Ely, R. J., & David A. Thomas, D. A. (2001). Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(2), 229–273. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667087
Sabaté, J., & Tironi, M. (2008). Rankings, creatividad y urbanismo. EURE (Santiago), 34(102), 5-23.
Samora-Arvela, A., Ferreira, J., Vaz, E., & Panagopoulos, T. (2020). Modeling Nature-Based and Cultural Recreation Preferences in Mediterranean Regions as Opportunities for Smart Tourism and Diversification. Sustainability, 12(1), 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010433
Sánchez, D. G., & Bernabéu, M. A. C. (2021). El escenario smart y sus derivadas en la estrategia de marketing online de los destinos turísticos: el caso de la Comunitat Valenciana. Investigaciones Regionales - Journal of Regional Research, (51), 107-128.
Sánchez-Hernández, M. I., & Maldonado-Briegas, J. J. (2023). Becoming a Developed and Sustainable Destination: La Siberia Biosphere Reserve in Spain. Heritage, 6(11), 7140-7155. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage6110373
Sánchez-Sánchez, F.J., & Sánchez-Sánchez, A. M. (2025). Hotel profitability in Spain: Impact of the location of tourist destinations. Tourism and hospitality management, 31(1), 17-35. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.31.1.2
Sánchez-Sánchez, M.-D., de Pablos-Heredero, C., & Montes-Botella, J. L. (2025). Contributions of Sustainable Tourist Behavior in Food Events to the Cultural Identity of Destinations. Tourism and Hospitality, 6(2), 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6020093
Sánchez-Sánchez, M.-D., Pablos-Heredero, C. D., & Montes-Botella, J.-L. (2021). The Internal Demand of Cultural Tourism: Understanding Satisfaction and Fidelity to Destination in Spain through a Non-Linear Structural Model. Sustainability, 13(23), 13487. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313487
Sánchez-Vargas, E., Campón-Cerro, A. M., Prado-Recio, E., Pasaco-González, B. S., & Moreno-Lobato, A. (2022). Exploring the Hotel Experience in a Cultural City through a UGC Analysis. Sustainability, 14(23), 15695. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315695
Soares, J. R. R., & Godoi, C. K. (2017). A metodologia da análise sociológica do discurso em estudos turísticos: o processo de transformação da imagem turística e sua relação com a lealdade. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 15(1), 245-260.
Sörensson, A., Bogren, M., & Schmudde, U. (2019). How do cities of different sizes in Europe work with sustainable development? International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, 14(4), 287-298.https://doi.org/10.3390/10.2495/DNE-V14-N4-287-298
Suberviola, E. V., & de Azevedo, F. F. (2024). Vivir en la calle. Aporofobia y cartografía de supervivencia en Barcelona. Ar@ cne. Revista Electrónica de Recursos en Internet sobre Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, 28. https://doi.org/10.1344/ara2024.287.43742
Tian, M., Cànoves, G., Chu, Y., Font-Garolera, J., & Prat Forga, J. M. (2021). Influence of Cultural Background on Visitor Segments’ Tourist Destination Image: A Case Study of Barcelona and Chinese Tourists. Land, 10(6), 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060626
Um, H., Dong, J., Choi, M., & Jeong, J. (2021). The Effect of Cultural City on Regional Activation through the Consumer Reactions of Urban Service. Sustainability, 13(11), 5778. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115778
UNESCO. (2017). Cultura: futuro urbano. Informe mundial sobre la cultura para el desarrollo urbano sostenible. Biblioteca Digital UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000248920
Vargová, T. D. (2024). ZÁUJEM EURÓPSKYCH TURISTOV O MIMOEURÓPSKE DESTINÁCIE. Mladá Veda, 12(3), 128-137.
Vázquez-Martinez, U. J., Sanchís-Pedregosa, C., & Leal-Rodríguez, A. L. (2019). Is Gastronomy A Relevant Factor for Sustainable Tourism? An Empirical Analysis of Spain Country Brand. Sustainability, 11(9), 2696. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092696
Vázquez-Varela, C., Barrado-Timón, D.A. & Martínez-Navarro, J.M. (2025). Music festivals in small and medium-sized Spanish cities: between place dependency and spatial unboundedness, ongoing festivalization and processes of financialization. City Territ Archit 12(17). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-025-00267-7
Venhryn, D. (2024). Urban integration of forced migrants: lessons from Canada and Ukraine. Visnyk of VN Karazin Kharkiv National University, series «Geology. Geography. Ecology», (61), 137-143. https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2024-61-11
Wall, R., & Parr, H. (2021). Challenging Child‐Friendly Urban Design: Towards Inclusive Multigenerational Spaces. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 45(5), 840-853. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijdr.12260
Zukin, S. (2011). Naked city: The death and life of authentic urban places. Oxford University Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Authors retain copyright and transfer to the journal the right of first publication and publishing rights

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Those authors who publish in this journal accept the following terms:
-
Authors retain copyright.
-
Authors transfer to the journal the right of first publication. The journal also owns the publishing rights.
-
All published contents are governed by an Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Access the informative version and legal text of the license. By virtue of this, third parties are allowed to use what is published as long as they mention the authorship of the work and the first publication in this journal. If you transform the material, you may not distribute the modified work. -
Authors may make other independent and additional contractual arrangements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (e.g., inclusion in an institutional repository or publication in a book) as long as they clearly indicate that the work was first published in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and recommended to publish their work on the Internet (for example on institutional and personal websites), following the publication of, and referencing the journal, as this could lead to constructive exchanges and a more extensive and quick circulation of published works (see The Effect of Open Access).








