Rational and Emotional Advertising for Sustainable Transportation
Experimental Analysis of Persuasion Through Normative Appeals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62161/sauc.v12.6109Keywords:
Sustainable transport, Green advertising, Persuasion, Social norms, ELMAbstract
Urban transportation constitutes an environmental problem due to its contribution to pollution and its effects on health. This study examined the influence of rational messages (central route of the ELM) and emotional messages (peripheral route), combined with social norms, on attitudes toward sustainable transportation advertising and intentions to use sustainable transportation in Bogotá, Colombia. An experimental design was employed with 240 participants (120 women and 120 men) who were exposed to graphic advertisements. Results showed that emotional messages generated more favorable attitudes and stronger usage intentions, particularly when combined with subjective norms. Women reported stronger usage intentions when exposed to emotional messages and subjective norms, whereas among men, altruism was associated with stronger usage intentions. These findings highlight the importance of considering gender, persuasion strategies, and social norms when designing advertising strategies aimed at promoting sustainable mobility.
Downloads
Global Statistics ℹ️
|
0
Views
|
0
Downloads
|
|
0
Total
|
|
References
Ajzen, I., (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50 (2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ajzen, I., (2009). A Theory of Planned Behavior. https://people.umass.edu/aizen/tpb.html
Armitage, Ch., & Conner, M. (1999). The theory of planned behaviour: Assessment of predictive validity and perceived control. British Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 35-54. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466699164022
Arya, B., & Chaturvedi, S. (2022). Psychological predictors of sustainable transportation behaviour: Implications for low carbon economy and society. IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science, 1084(1), 012045. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1084/1/012045
Bertucci, P., Sartori, F., Ribeiro, H., Macielb, S., Barberio, E., & Elgaaied-Gambier, L. (2024). From green advertising to sustainable behavior: a systematic literature review through the lens of value-belief-norm framework. International Journal of Advertising, 43(1), 53–96.
Bi, C., Jin, S., Li, S., & Li, Y. (2023). Can green advertising increase consumers’ purchase intention of electric vehicles? An experimental study from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 419(138260), 138260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138260
Bonales-Daimiel, G., Giraldo-Dávila, A., & Gil-Jerez, M. (2024). La sostenibilidad como valor de marca en la publicidad automotriz de España. AD research, 31, e281. https://doi.org/10.7263/adresic-31-281
Bohner, G., & Schlüter, L. E. (2014). A room with a viewpoint revisited: descriptive norms and hotel guests' towel reuse behavior. PloS one, 9(8), e104086. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104086
Borowski, E., Chen, Y., & Mahmassani, H. (2020). Social media effects on sustainable mobility opinion diffusion: Model framework and implications for behavior change. Travel Behaviour & Society, 19, 170–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2020.01.003
Boztepe, Aysel. (2016). Green Marketing and Its Impact on Consumer Buying Behavior. European Journal of Economic and Political Studies. 5. 5-21.
Cialdini, R. B. (2003). Crafting normative messages to protect the environment. Curent Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 105–109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.01242
Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R. & Kallgren, A. A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58 (6), 1015–1026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015
Delgado Cadavid, G., Olaya Mora, S., & Isaza Álvarez, J. (2020). Estrategias de marketing de las marcas de automóviles verdes. Entre la colaboración y la competición. Pensar la Publicidad Revista Internacional de Investigaciones Publicitarias, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.5209/pepu.72166
Gaker, D., Vautin, D., Vij, A., & Walker, J. L. (2011). The power and value of green in promoting sustainable transport behavior. Environmental research letters, 6(3), 034010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034010
Ganjipour, H., & Edrisi, A. (2023). Applying the integrated model to understanding online buyers’ intention to adopt delivery drones in Iran. Transportation Letters, 15(2), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/19427867.2022.2035130
Ganjipour, H., & Edrisi, A. (2023b). Consumers’ intention to use delivery robots in Iran: An integration of NAM, DOI, and TAM. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 13(101024), 101024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.101024
Gifford, R. & Sussman, R. (2012). Environmental attitudes. En S. D. Clayton (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Environmental and Conservation Psychology. Oxford University Press. http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=475BF1F6C76B299723FAA6BA10C43F92
Hanna, P., Kantenbacher, J., Cohen, S., & Gössling, S. (2018). Role model advocacy for sustainable transport. Transportation Research. Part D, Transport and Environment, 61, 373–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.07.028
Hao-Chen, H., Tzong-Huei, L., & Mei-Chi , L. (2014). Environmental consciousness and green customer behavior: Anexamination of motivation crowding effect. International Journal of Hospitality Management, (40), 139-149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.04.006
Hauslbauer, A. L., Schade, J., Drexler, C. E., & Petzoldt, T. (2022). Extending the theory of planned behavior to predict and nudge toward the subscription to a public transport ticket. European Transport Research Review, 14(1). http://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-022-00528
Herberz, M., Hahnel, U. J. J., & Brosch, T. (2020). The importance of consumer motives for green mobility: A multi-modal perspective. Transportation Research. Part A, Policy and Practice, 139, 102–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.06.021
Hogg, M., & Vaughan, G. (2010). Psicología social. Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana.
Hwang, J. (2024). Green marketing and consumer attitudes. Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 8(2), 076–084. https://doi.org/10.53022/oarjms.2024.8.2.0068
Išoraitė, M., Jarašūnienė, A., & Samašonok, K. (2023). Assessment of the impact of advertising in promoting sustainable mobility and multimodality in the urban transport system. Future Transportation, 3(1), 210–235. https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp3010013
Jahari, S. A., Hass, A., Idris, I. B., & Joseph, M. (2022). An integrated framework examining sustainable green behavior among young consumers. The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 39(4), 333–344. https://doi.org/10.1108/jcm-04-2021-4593
Jha, R., & Singh, M. K. (2024). Analysing the impact of social influence on electric vehicle adoption: A deep learning-based simulation study in Jharkhand, India. International journal of computational and experimental science and engineering, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.371
Kang, S.-E. (2022). Travelers’ pro‐environmental behaviors in the Hyperloop context: Integrating norm activation and AIDA models. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(6), 813–826. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2547
Kanchana P. (2024). Green marketing in the age of sustainability: Consumer perceptions and brand strategy. Nanotechnology perceptions, 154–163. https://doi.org/10.62441/nano-ntp.vi.3624.
Kathuria, A. (2024). Analysis of the impact of green marketing on purchase intention in the automobile sector: Roles of environmental knowledge and green psychological benefits. Journal of electrical systems, 20(11s), 1249–1260. https://doi.org/10.52783/jes.7431
Khan, M. I., Shah, S. A. M., Ali, M., & Naim, A. F. A. (2024). To sustainably ride or not to ride: Examining the Green consumption intention of ride-hailing services in the sharing economy by university students. Sustainability, 16(20), 9047. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16209047
Kim, M. J., & Hall, C. M. (2022). Application of EMGB to study impacts of public green space on active transport behavior: Evidence from South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127459
Koç, E. (2023). Green marketing strategies and climate change awareness in sustainable transportation: The case of airline companies. Marine science and technology bulletin, 12(4), 459–472. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1375842
Kulkarni, S. D., Kaur, S., Ray, A., & Mishra, V. (2025). Does values impact intention to use sustainable mobility? An evidence from metropolitan cities of India. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 59(101290), 101290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2025.101290
Kumar, V., & Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, India. (2025). Green marketing and its influence on consumer purchasing decisions in the Indian market. Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship, 18(4), 56–73. https://doi.org/10.70906/20241804056073
Lee, M.J., & Back, K. (2007). Association members’ meeting participation behaviors: development of meeting participation model. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 22 (2), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v22n02_02
Marañón, F., Barrientos, R., & Piñeiro-Naval, V. (2019). Ruta central versus Ruta periférica. Análisis del proceso de persuasión en la campaña “Mover a México”. Revista mexicana de opinión pública, (26), 119-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.24484911e.2019.26.62958
Marroquín, F., & Palacios, J. (2018). Panorama de los estudios alrededor del Marketing Verde. Un análisis desde los factores que afectan el consumo ecológico. En: La gestión de la comunicación organizacional. Un enfoque ecléctico desde la publicidad y las relaciones públicas. Madrid: Egregius Ediciones. https://n9.cl/smfn
Marroquín, F., Palacios, J., Sandoval, M., & Sierra, M. (2019). Consumo ecológico. Estudio exploratorio sobre el comportamiento de mujeres en Colombia. Revista ESPACIOS, 40(24). http://www.revistaespacios.com/a19v40n24/19402424.html
Marroquín-Ciendúa, F., Medina-Labrador, M., Hurtado Méndez, L. C., Mora Hernández, L. P., & Puentes Guzmán, C. N. (2025). Use of UTAUT for analyzing the acceptance and use of electric scooters in the public transport system. Urban, Planning and Transport Research, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/21650020.2025.2458548
Marroquín-Ciendúa, F., Medina-Labrador, M., Palacios-Chavarro, J. A., & Marroquín-Ciendúa, P. (2026). Rational and Normative Advertising in Ecological Purchasing: A Quasi-experimental Analysis of Persuasion on Consumption and Attitudes. Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 22. 100447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2026.100447
Nadanyiova, M. (2018). Green Marketing and its Use in a Transport Company. LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics, 9(1), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.2478/logi-2018-0008
Nogueira, M., Dias, F., & Santos, V. (2023). Sustainable mobility choices: Exploring the impact of consumers’ values, attitudes, perceived behavioural control and subjective norms on the likelihood to choose sustainable mobility options. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2144
Omidi, M., & Lashgarara, F. (2017). Influencing factors on the green marketing of medicinal herbs: a case study of the Zahra Rosewater Company. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, 404 - 424. https://doi.org/ 10.1504/IJARGE.2017.10009415
Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS].(2019) Los efectos sobre la Salud https://bit.ly/2nIlczY
Palacios-Chavarro, J. A., Marroquín Ciendúa, F. & Bohórquez-Lazdhaluz, R. (2021). Social campaigns to encourage responsible fashion consumption: qualitative study with university students. Communication & Society, 34(3), 153-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15581/003.34.3.153-168
Palacios-Chavarro, Janneth Arley, Marroquín-Ciendúa, Fernando, & Pérez-Portillo, Miguel Ángel. (2023). Campaña de comunicación sobre consumo responsable de productos de la industria de la moda: percepción del mensaje e influencia en el comportamiento de millennials en Colombia. Revista de Comunicación, 22(1), 355-375. https://dx.doi.org/10.26441/rc22.1-2023-3007
Palacios-Chavarro, Janneth-Arley; Marroquín-Ciendúa, Fernando; Palacios-Chavarro, Sara (2024). “Instagram como escenario para el análisis de polaridad y subjetividad en comentarios respecto a contenidos ambientales: caso CNNClimate”. Profesional de la información, v. 33, n. 3, e330315. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2024.0315
Panyagometh, A., & Bian, X. (2023). The influence of perceived ESG and policy incentives on consumers’ intention to purchase new energy vehicles: Empirical evidence from China. Innovative marketing, 19(4), 187–198. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.19(4).2023.15
Petty R., & Cacioppo J. (1986), The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. Advances in experimental social psychology, 19,123-205. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4612-4964-1_1
Petty, R., Brinol, P., & Priester, J. (2008). Implications of the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Media effects: Advances in theory and research, 2, 125-64. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4612-4964-1_1
Phuah, K. T., Wong, H. F., Lai, C. G., Siti Intan Nurdiana Wong Abdullah, & Lim, B. J. H. (2022). Driving the Green vehicles shift: An evaluation of Malaysian consumers’ acceptance. International journal of business and society, 23(3), 1771–1791. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.5211.2022
Piras, F., Manca, S., Sottile, E., Meloni, I., Mosca, O., Tuveri, G., & Fornara, F. (2021). Can persuasive normative messages encourage sustainable transportation usage? Transportation Research. Part F, Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 83, 304–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2021.10.014
Potvin-Bernal, J., Hansma, B., Donmez, B., Lockwood, P., & Shu, L. H. (2020). Influencing greater adoption of Eco-driving practices using an associative graphical display. Journal of Mechanical Design (New York, N.Y.: 1990), 142(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4045968
Santos, G., Behrendt, H., & Teytelboym, A. (2010). Part II: Policy instruments for sustainable road transport. Research in Transportation Economics, 28(1), 46–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2010.03.002
Shabbir, M. S. (2024). Exploring consumer behavioral intentions toward energy-efficient vehicles: an empirical study for advancing sustainable development goals. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 1750–6220. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-04-2024-0014
Stern, P. C. (2000). New environmental theories: toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of social issues, 56 (3), 407-424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175
Terengganu, U. M., Samy, P., Ismail, S., Ramayah, T., & Malaysia, U. S. (2021). Promoting green environment by predicting green public transportation usage. Journal of sustainability science and management, 16(4), 174–189. https://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2021.06.0015
Truong, T.-T., & Ngo, N.-Q.-N. (2024). Green Marketing, Green Perceived Value, and Green Consumer Behavior. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4941142
Waqas, M., & Najmi, A. (2023). Enhancing consumption of sustainable transportation: Determinants and outcome of consumer engagement with bike-sharing service. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 30(18), 53411–53423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26067-5
Waqas, M., Dong, Q.-L., Ahmad, N., Zhu, Y., & Nadeem, M. (2018). Understanding acceptability towards sustainable transportation behavior: A case study of China. Sustainability, 10(10), 3686. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103686
Wendt, N., Kipperberg, G., & Lindhjem, H. (2024). Consumer willingness to pay for emission reduction in air travel: A meta-analysis. Transportation Research. Part D, Transport and Environment, 134(104347), 104347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104347
White, K. M., Smith, J. R., Terry, D. J., Greenslade, J. H. & McKimmie, B. M. (2009). Social influence in the theory of planned behaviour: The role of descriptive, injunctive, and in-group norms. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48, 135–158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/014466608X295207
Zimmermann, S., Schulz, T., Hein, A., Gewald, H., & Krcmar, H. (2024). Motivating change in commuters’ mobility behaviour: Digital nudging for public transportation use. Journal of Decision System, 33(1), 79–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2023.2198056
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Authors retain copyright and transfer to the journal the right of first publication and publishing rights

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Those authors who publish in this journal accept the following terms:
-
Authors retain copyright.
-
Authors transfer to the journal the right of first publication. The journal also owns the publishing rights.
-
All published contents are governed by an Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Access the informative version and legal text of the license. By virtue of this, third parties are allowed to use what is published as long as they mention the authorship of the work and the first publication in this journal. If you transform the material, you may not distribute the modified work. -
Authors may make other independent and additional contractual arrangements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (e.g., inclusion in an institutional repository or publication in a book) as long as they clearly indicate that the work was first published in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and recommended to publish their work on the Internet (for example on institutional and personal websites), following the publication of, and referencing the journal, as this could lead to constructive exchanges and a more extensive and quick circulation of published works (see The Effect of Open Access).







