Digital Community of Children’s self-injuries in TikTok
Quantitative and qualitative methodological approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62161/revvisual.v16.5292Keywords:
Non-suicidal self-injury, TikTok, Methodological, Language Codes, CommunityAbstract
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury is a growing phenomenon in social networks, affecting an average of 30% of young people in Spain. Therefore, we present a methodology applied for the identification and analysis of the content created by young people in TikTok. On the one hand, through a quantitative study, an API is used to collect and classify multimedia content through hashtags. On the other hand, a qualitative analysis that elaborates a systemic study of them. Thus, the objective is to identify the contents on TikTok related to Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and to understand their codes.
Downloads
References
Agüero, G., Medina, V., Obradovich, G., & Berner, E. (2018). Comportamientos autolesivos en adolescentes. Estudio cualitativo sobre características, significados y contextos. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria, 116(6). https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2018.394 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2018.394
Alhassan, M. A., Dutse Inuwa, I., Bello Shehu Bello, & Pennington, D. (2021). Self-Harm: Detection and Support on Twitter. In K. Christos (Ed.), ECSM 2021 8th European Conference on Social Media. Academic Conferences International Limited.
Amado, A., Candela, B., Valeria, G., Herranz de la Casa, J. M., Bautista, P. S., Silva, A., & Zanoni, L. (2022). NARRATIVAS DIGITALES redes, tendencias y memes (1o). Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
American Psychiatry Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
Bousoño, M., Al-Halabí, S., Burón, P., Garrido, M., Díaz-Mesa, E. M., Galván, G., García-álvarez, L., Velasco, Á., Rodríguez-Revuelta, J., Wasserman, C., Carli, V., Hoven, C., Sarchiapone, M., Wasserman, D., Bousoño, M., García-Portilla, M. P., Iglesias, C., Sáiz, P. A., & Bobes, J. (2021). Alcohol use and risk factors for self-harm behavior in Spanish adolescents. Adicciones, 33(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.20882/ADICCIONES.1239 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1239
Brunner, R., Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Fischer, G., Carli, V., Hoven, C. W., Wasserman, C., Sarchiapone, M., Resch, F., Apter, A., Balazs, J., Barzilay, S., Bobes, J., Corcoran, P., Cosmanm, D., Haring, C., Iosuec, M., Kahn, J. P., Keeley, H., … Wasserman, D. (2014). Life-time prevalence and psychosocial correlates of adolescent direct self-injurious behavior: A comparative study of findings in 11 European countries. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(4), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.1111/JCPP.12166 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12166
Buendía Giribaldi, A. R., Castro Rodríguez, A. R., Rojas Quispe, M. A., & Alvarado Figueroa, M. A. (2023a). Retos en Línea: “el que se duerme al último gana”, un peligro para los escolares. FitoVida, 2(1), 09–11. https://doi.org/10.56275/fitovida.v2i1.16
Buendía Giribaldi, A. R., Castro Rodríguez, A. R., Rojas Quispe, M. A., & Alvarado Figueroa, M. A. (2023b). Retos en Línea: “el que se duerme al último gana”, un peligro para los escolares. FitoVida, 2(1), 09–11. https://doi.org/10.56275/fitovida.v2i1.16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56275/fitovida.v2i1.16
Calvete Zumalde, E., Orue Sola, I., Aizpuru, L., & Brotherton, H. (2015). Prevalence and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in Spanish adolescents. Psicothema. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2014.262
Carballo Belloso, J. J., & Gómez Peñalver, J. (2017). Relación entre el bullying , autolesiones, ideación suicida e intentos autolíticos en niños y adolescentes. Revista de Estudios de Juventud, ISSN-e 0211-4364, No. 115, 2017 (Ejemplar Dedicado a: Jóvenes: Bullying y Ciberbullying), Págs. 207-218, 115, 207–218. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6215272&info=resumen&idioma=SPA
Carroll, J., Schaffer, C., Spensley, J., & Abramowitz, S. I. (1980). Family experiences of self-mutilating patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137(7), 852–853. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.137.7.852 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.137.7.852
Castillo, G. P. (2023). “The Melancholy Bubble”. Emotional dangers in social media. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades, 16(6), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.37467/REVHUMAN.V12.4703
Center for Countering Digital Hate. (2022). Deadly by Design.
Chowanec, G. D., Josephson, A. M., Coleman, C., & Davis, H. (1991). Self-harming Behavior in Incarcerated Male Delinquent Adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(2), 202–207. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199103000-00007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199103000-00007
Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Enfermería de España. (2023). Detrás de las autolesiones en niños y adolescentes se esconden a menudo problemas para gestionar las emociones.
Cristina, L., & Marin, C. (2011). Los discursos del cuerpo y la experiencia del padecimiento. Acciones autolesivas corporales en jóvenes. TDX (Tesis Doctorals En Xarxa). https://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/37364
Edwards, E. D., & Fuller, T. (2018). GRAPHIC VIOLENCE: Illustrated Theories about Violence, Popular Media, and Our Social Lives. In Graphic Violence: Illustrated Theories about Violence, Popular Media, and Our Social Lives. Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351112512/GRAPHIC-VIOLENCE-EMILY-EDWARDS-TRISTAN-FULLER DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351112512
Elizabeth, A., Flores, H., Teresa, A., Maldonado, C., & Torres Vargas, R. J. (2021). Códigos de modernidad: industria cultural digital y la economía global de desarrollo, Tik Tok. Journal of Science and Research: Revista Ciencia e Investigación, ISSN 2528-8083, Vol. 6, No. Extra 3, 2021 (Ejemplar Dedicado a: Primer Congreso de Investigación En Comunicación y Turismo CICOTUR-UTB-Extensión-Quevedo-2021), Págs. 257-274, 6(3), 257–274. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5659826
Emma Hilton, C. (2017). Unveiling self‐harm behaviour: what can social media site Twitter tell us about self‐harm? A qualitative exploration. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(11–12), 1690–1704. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13575 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13575
Farber, S. K., Jackson, C. C., Tabin, J. K., & Bachar, E. (2007). Death and annihilation anxieties in anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and self-mutilation. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 24(2), 289–305. https://doi.org/10.1037/0736-9735.24.2.289 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0736-9735.24.2.289
Faura-Garcia, J., Orue, I., & Calvete, E. (2021). Cyberbullying victimization and nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents: The role of maladaptive schemas and dispositional mindfulness. Child Abuse & Neglect, 118, 105135. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHIABU.2021.105135 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105135
Fundación ANAR. (2021). Informe Anual Teléfono/Chat ANAR 2021.
Gallegos-Santos, M., Casapia Guzman, Y., & Rivera, R. (2018). Estilos de personalidad y autolesiones en adolescentes de la ciudad de Arequipa. Interacciones: Revista de Avances En Psicología, 4(2), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.24016/2018.v4n2.106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24016/2018.v4n2.106
Gámez Guadix, M., Almendros, C., Rodríguez Mondragón, L., & Mateos Pérez, E. (2020). Autolesiones online entre adolescentes españoles:: análisis de la prevalencia y de las motivaciones. Revista de Psicología Clínica Con Niños y Adolescentes, ISSN-e 2340-8340, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2020, Págs. 9-15, 7(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.21134/rpcna.2020.07.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21134/rpcna.2020.07.1.1
Hawton, K. (2002). Deliberate self harm in adolescents: self report survey in schools in England. BMJ, 325(7374), 1207–1211. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1207
Higueras-Ruiz, M. J. (2024). Revisión conceptual e histórica de lo trans en las series de televisión estadounidenses: análisis narrativo y audiovisual del personaje de Jules en Euphoria (HBO: 2019-). Doxa Comunicación. Revista Interdisciplinar de Estudios de Comunicación y Ciencias Sociales. https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n38a1875 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n38a1875
Khasawneh, A., Madathil, K. C., Zinzow, H., Wisniewski, P., Ponathil, A., Rogers, H., Agnisarman, S., Roth, R., & Narasimhan, M. (2021). An Investigation of the Portrayal of Social Media Challenges on YouTube and Twitter. ACM Transactions on Social Computing, 4(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3444961 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3444961
Kirchner, T., Ferrer, L., Forns, M., Zanini, D., & Kirchner, D. T. (2011). Self-harm behavior and suicidal ideation among high school students. Gender differences and relationship with coping strategies. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 39(4), 226–235. https://actaspsiquiatria.es/index.php/actas/article/view/582
Klonsky, E. D. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury in United States adults: prevalence, sociodemographics, topography and functions. Psychological Medicine, 41(9), 1981–1986. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291710002497 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291710002497
Klonsky, E. D., Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2003). Deliberate Self-Harm in a Nonclinical Population: Prevalence and Psychological Correlates. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(8), 1501–1508. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1501 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1501
Klug, D., Qin, Y., Evans, M., & Kaufman, G. (2021). Trick and Please. A Mixed-Method Study On User Assumptions About the TikTok Algorithm. 13th ACM Web Science Conference 2021, 84–92. https://doi.org/10.1145/3447535.3462512 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3447535.3462512
Lookingbill, V. (2023). User-Centered Design for Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Information on TikTok: A Study of Users’ Motivations and Circumnavigation of Algorithmic Barriers. Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, 421–424. https://doi.org/10.1145/3584931.3608916 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3584931.3608916
Martínez-Pastor, E., & Gaete-Salgado, C. (2023). Jóvenes creadores de contenidos en torno a las autolesiones: identificación de metalenguajes en X (Twitter). Revista Panamericana de Comunicación, 5(2), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.21555/rpc.v5i2.2984 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21555/rpc.v5i2.2984
Martínez-Sanz, R., Buitrago, Á., & Martín-García, A. (2023). Comunicación para la salud a través de TikTok. Estudio de influencers de temática farmacéutica y conexión con su audiencia. Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación, 14(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.14198/MEDCOM.23435 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14198/MEDCOM.23435
McCashin, D., & Murphy, C. M. (2023). Using TikTok for public and youth mental health – A systematic review and content analysis. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 28(1), 279–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591045221106608 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13591045221106608
Mecchella, J. N., & Burns, C. M. (2018). Trastornos del metabolismo de las purinas y pirimidinas. In Harrison. Principios de Medicina Interna, 20e (pp. 809–810). McGraw-Hill Education. https://accessmedicina.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2461§ionid=213020347
Moreno, M. A., Ton, A., Selkie, E., & Evans, Y. (2016). Secret Society 123: Understanding the Language of Self-Harm on Instagram. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(1), 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.015
Moss, C., Wibberley, C., & Witham, G. (2023a). Assessing the impact of Instagram use and deliberate self‐harm in adolescents: A scoping review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 32(1), 14–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.13055
Moss, C., Wibberley, C., & Witham, G. (2023b). Assessing the impact of Instagram use and deliberate self‐harm in adolescents: A scoping review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 32(1), 14–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.13055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.13055
Nancy López Bango Adj Alejandra Gutiérrez Galo Montevideo, A. (2015). Autolesiones como gestos suicidas asociados al trastorno límite de la personalidad en adolescentes. https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/jspui/handle/20.500.12008/6092
Nock, M. K. (2010). Self-Injury. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6(1), 339–363. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131258 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131258
Omar, B. &, Bahnweg, E., & Omar, H. (n.d.). Adolescents & TikTok Effects of TikTok on Adolescent Mental Health and Wellbeing. Human Health, 2023(1), 10. Retrieved March 10, 2024, from http://journalofhealth.co.nz/?page_id=2905
Omar, B. &, Bahnweg, E., & Omar, H. (2023). Adolescents & TikTok Effects of TikTok on Adolescent Mental Health and Wellbeing. Human Health, 1, 10. http://journalofhealth.co.nz/?page_id=2905
Ortega-Barón, J., Machimbarrena, J. M., Montiel, I., & González-Cabrera, J. (2023). Viral internet challenges scale in preadolescents: An exploratory study. Current Psychology, 42(15), 12530–12540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02692-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02692-6
Padilla Castillo, G. (2023). “Burbuja de la melancolía”. Peligros emocionales de las redes sociales. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades, 12(Monográfico), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v12.4703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v12.4703
Perez, J., Venta, A., Garnaat, S., & Sharp, C. (2012). The difficulties in emotion regulation scale: Factor structure and association with nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescent inpatients. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(3), 393–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10862-012-9292-7/METRICS DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-012-9292-7
Pérez-Elizondo, A. D. (2020). Enfermedad por autolesión. ¡Primero me corto, luego existo! Archivos de Investigación Materno Infantil, 11(2), 77–81. https://doi.org/10.35366/101554 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35366/101554
Sánchez Sánchez, T. (2018). Autolesiones en la adolescencia: significados, perspectivas y prospección para su abordaje terapéutico. Revista de Psicoterapia, ISSN-e 2339-7950, ISSN 1130-5142, Vol. 29, No. 110, 2018 (Ejemplar Dedicado a: Avances En Psicoterapias Transdiagnósticas ), Págs. 185-209, 29(110), 185–209. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6527198&info=resumen&idioma=SPA DOI: https://doi.org/10.33898/rdp.v29i110.196
Sardar, B. D. (2020). ¡Corte! Una nueva epidemia: autolesiones en la adolescencia. Rev. Univ. Psicoanál, 109–115. http://www.psi.uba.ar/investigaciones/revistas/psicoanalisis/trabajos_completos/revista20/sardar.pdf
Sha, P., & Dong, X. (2021). Research on Adolescents Regarding the Indirect Effect of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress between TikTok Use Disorder and Memory Loss. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, Vol. 18, Page 8820, 18(16), 8820. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18168820 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168820
Suárez-Álvarez, R., & García-Jiménez, A. (2021). Centennials en TikTok: tipología de vídeos. Análisis y comparativa España-Gran Bretaña por género, edad y nacionalidad. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 79, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2021-1503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2021-1503
Tarragona Medina, B. (2020). Función de las autolesiones y su relación con la disociación y la organización de la personalidad. Universitat Ramon Llull.
TikTok. (2024a). Crear tu primer video. Centro de Ayuda de TikTok. https://support.tiktok.com/es/getting-started/creating-your-first-video
TikTok. (2024b). Pegar. Centro de Ayuda de TikTok. https://support.tiktok.com/es/using-tiktok/creating-videos/stitch
Vázquez López, P., Armero Pedreira, P., Martínez-Sánchez, L., García Cruz, J. M., Bonet de Luna, C., Notario Herrero, F., Sánchez Vázquez, A. R., Rodríguez Hernández, P. J., & Díez Suárez, A. (2023). Autolesiones y conducta suicida en niños y adolescentes. Lo que la pandemia nos ha desvelado. Anales de Pediatría, 98(3), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANPEDI.2022.11.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2022.11.006
Vega, D., Sintes, A., Fernández, M., Puntí, J., Soler, J., Santamarina, P., Soto, Á., Lara, A., Méndez, I., Martínez-Giménez, R., Romero, S., & Pascual, J. C. (2018). Revisión y actualización de la autolesión no suicida: ¿quién, cómo y por qué? Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 46(4), 146.
we are social. (2023). Digital 2023.
Xin, M., Yang, X., Liu, K., Naz Boke, B., & Bastien, L. (2020). Impact of Negative Life Events and Social Support on Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese Middle School Students. American Journal of Men’s Health, 14(4), 1557988320937124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988320937124 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988320937124
Zhang, M., & Liu, Y. (2021). A commentary of TikTok recommendation algorithms in MIT Technology Review 2021. Fundamental Research, 1(6), 846–847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2021.11.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2021.11.015
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Those authors who publish in this journal accept the following terms:
- Authors will keep the moral right of the work and they will transfer the commercial rights.