Vaccines and health and communication tools: analysis of the implicit association test
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37467/revvisual.v10.4612Keywords:
Neurocommunication, Implicit Associación Test, vaccines, Anti-vaccines, Health, Persuasion, Implicit responsesAbstract
With the anti-vaccine movement, the perception of vaccines as neither safe nor effective is accentuated, influencing the perception and behavior of the population. Understanding the psychosocial mechanisms underlying the "anti-vaccine phenomenon" will allow the development of better intervention programs. This research pursues two objectives: 1) to analyze the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as a neurocommunication tool applied to communication and health, especially in vaccines, and 2) to understand the psychological mechanisms of the vaccine and anti-vaccine concept. The IAT is a useful tool although it presents certain methodological characteristics. There is a strong association of vaccines with health, responsibility and efficacy.
Downloads
References
Betsch, C., Renkewitz, F., Betsch, T., & Ulshöfer, C. (2010). The influence of vaccine-critical websites on perceiving vaccination risks. Journal of health psychology, 15(3), 446-455. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105309353647 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105309353647
Betsch, C., & Sachse, K. (2013). Debunking vaccination myths: strong risk negations can increase perceived vaccination risks. Health psychology, 32(2), 146. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027387 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027387
Conlledo, P. , Picciol, G., & Díaz, V. (2020). Análisis del contenido publicado en YouTube, Facebook e internet sobre vacunas y anti vacunas. Revista de Comunicación y Salud, 10(1), 67-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35669/rcys.2020.10(1).67-90
https://doi.org/10.35669/rcys.2020.10(1).67-90 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35669/rcys.2020.10(1).67-90
Cuesta-Cambra, U., Martínez-Martínez, L., & Niño-González, J. I. (2019). An analysis of pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine information on social networks and the internet: Visual and emotional patterns. El profesional de la información, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.mar.17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.mar.17
Cuesta, U., González, J. I. N., Martínez, L. M., y Díaz, V. C. (2020). La importancia del emisor en las respuestas visuales implícitas y la persuasión. El caso de los antivacunas. In Comunicación especializada: historia y realidad actual (pp. 665-684). McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España
Cuesta, U., González, B., Martínez, L., & Martínez, M. (2021). Influencers y vacunas: un análisis neuro-cualitativo del imaginario colectivo en la población juvenil. In Cultura, economía y educación: nuevos desafíos en la sociedad digital (pp. 1181-1201). Dykinson.
Cuesta, U., González, J. I. , González, C. , & Martínez, M. (2022). La neurociencia de la comunicación en salud: Propuesta de análisis de las respuestas de orientación y defensa frente a mensajes de ganancia y pérdida en campañas de vacunación. Icono14, 20(2), 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v20i2.1853
Devine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of personality and social psychology, 56(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5
DiRusso, C., & Stansberry, K. (2022). Unvaxxed: A cultural study of the online anti-vaccination movement. Qualitative Health Research, 32(2), 317-329. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323211056050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323211056050
Easton, M. (2020). Coronavirus: Social media spreading virus conspirancy theory. BBC. Recuperado de https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-53085640 )
Fazio, H., & Towles-Schwen, T. (1999). The MODE model of attitude-behavior processes. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual-process theories in social psychology (pp. 97–116). The Guilford Press.
Garín, M., Huenchuleo, J., Leal, N., Muñoz, A. M., & Rehbein, L. (2013). Actitudes implícitas hacia la violencia, conducta antisocial y consumo televisivo en estudiantes universitarios. Revista de Psicología, 22(2), ág-100. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2013.30857 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2013.30857
Green, J., Petty, J., Whiting, L., Orr, F., Walker, K., Brown, A.M., Crisp, E.P. Fowler, C., & Jones, L.K. (2021). The impact of the anti-vaccination movement and vaccine hesitancy on the health of the child. Pediatric Nursing, 47(5), 216-225, 243.
Greenwald, G., McGhee, E., & Schwartz, L. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test. Journal of personality and social psychology, 74(6), 1464. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464
Hardey, M. (2001). ‚E-health‘: the internet and the transformation of patients into consumers and producers of health knowledge. Information, Communication & Society, 4(3), 388-405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180110044416
Hobson-West, P. (2007). ‘Trusting blindly can be the biggest risk of all’: organised resistance to childhood vaccination in the UK. Sociology of health & illness, 29(2), 198-215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.00544.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.00544.x
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Macmillan.
Kata, A. (2012). Anti-vaccine activists, Web 2.0, and the postmodern paradigm–An overview of tactics and tropes used online by the anti-vaccination movement. Vaccine, 30(25), 3778-3789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.112 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.112
Keelan, J., Pavri, V., Balakrishnan, R., & Wilson, K. (2010). An analysis of the Human Papilloma Virus vaccine debate on MySpace blogs. Vaccine, 28(6), 1535-1540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.060
Martinez (2020): ¿Quién y por qué interactúa con mensajes anti-vacunas en redes? Análisis de atención visual, emociones, personalidad y creencias. Tirant lo Blanch
Martínez, L., Cuesta, U., Niño. J.I. & Bengochea, C. (2021a). La campaña mediática COVID-19 y su vacunación: Analizando la guerra pro y antivacunas en Internet. Comunicación en la era postcovid, medios audiovisuales y análisis. Dykinson. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv282jjvm.5
Martínez, L, Cuesta, U y Niño, J.I. (2021). Comunicación sobre vacunas e imágenes bottom-up. Seduciendo al usuario. Fragua.
Piqueiras, P., Carballeda, B., Roberts, M. &Cuesta, C. (2022). La comunicación pro-vacunas:un estudio en torno a la eficacia del clickbait y la teoría de la inoculación. En C. Cuesta, A. Barrientos y L. Martinez Eds.). Los nuevos materiales de comunicación y salud. (pp. 125-139). Fragua.
Okuhara, T., Ishikawa, H., Okada, M., Kato, M., y Kiuchi, T. (2018). Persuasiveness of statistics and patients’ and mothers’ narratives in human papillomavirus vaccine recommendation messages: A randomized controlled study in Japan. Frontiers in public health, 6, 105. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.0010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00105
Ordóñez, P., & Castro-Martínez, A. (2023). Creadores de contenido especializado en salud en redes sociales. Los micro influencers en Instagram. Revista de Comunicación y Salud, 13, 23-38. https://doi.org/10.35669/rcys.2023.13.e311 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35669/rcys.2023.13.e311
Stanovich, K. E. (2005). The robot‘s rebellion: Finding meaning in the age of Darwin. University of Chicago press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226771199.001.0001
Waller, T., Lampman, C., & Lupfer‐Johnson, G. (2012). Assessing bias against overweight individuals among nursing and psychology students: an implicit association test. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(23-24), 3504-3512. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04226.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04226.x
Zestcott, C. A., Spece, L., McDermott, D., & Stone, J. (2021). Health care providers’ negative implicit attitudes and stereotypes of American Indians. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 8(1), 230-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00776-w
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Those authors who publish in this journal accept the following terms:
- Authors will keep the moral right of the work and they will transfer the commercial rights.
