Institutional Silence

Venezuela’s non-payment of welfare benefits in Spain

Authors

  • Elízabeth Manjarrés Ramos Universidad de Salamanca

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37467/revvisual.v10.4563

Keywords:

Political Communication, Silence, Pensions, Venezuela, Protests, Retirement, Waiting

Abstract

As of 2015, Venezuelan retirees and pensioners living in Spain stopped receiving their benefits and retirement pensions. In the face of this arbitrary non-payment, the only response they have received from Venezuelan institutions has been an unwavering silence. In light of this, we propose to study institutional silence and its effects. The research takes a qualitative approach and uses the ethnographic method to gather data. The conclusions sustain that institutional silence has perpetuated any potential resolution to the dispute and has hindered the implementation of other protection mechanisms for those affected, thereby promoting associationism and social protest.

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Published

2023-01-30

How to Cite

Manjarrés Ramos, E. (2023). Institutional Silence : Venezuela’s non-payment of welfare benefits in Spain. VISUAL REVIEW. International Visual Culture Review Revista Internacional De Cultura Visual, 13(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.37467/revvisual.v10.4563